GI      $

UNIT

II

Chapter 4: Goal Setting

Chapter 5: Management of Emotion and Effort

Motivational

Strategies

Goal Setting

Emotion and

Effort

Behavioral

Strategies

Time Management

Physical and Social

Environment

Learning and

Study Strategies

Learning from

Textbooks

Learning from

Lectures

Preparing for

Exams

Taking Exams

Academic

The purpose of this unit is to present strategies that can be used to

manage motivation. Chapter 4 deals with goals and goal setting. The

use of goal setting as a self–management strategy is widely used in

business, academic, and sports settings. Goals serve as the basis of

ence how we allocate our attention, how hard we work, and how long

we persist at a task.

Many individuals have experienced goal setting in areas that are

challenging and interesting to them (i.e., a favorite subject, an athletic

especially useful in uninteresting or unchallenging tasks. In these sit-

uations, goals can be used to counteract boredom and apathy by pro-

viding a sense of challenge and purpose (i.e., accomplishing the goal)

that would otherwise be lacking. Hence, goal attainment can generate

feelings of pride, satisfaction, or competence that may not be experi-

enced by simply completing assignments or tasks (Reeve, 1996).

MOTIVATIONAL STRATEGIES

Performance

motivation. Without goals it is difficult to be motivated to achieve.

More specifically, you learned in the previous chapter that goals influ-

contest, or an artistic endeavor). However, goal setting also can be