Motivation and Learning Strategies for College Success : A Self-management Approach

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LEARNING FROM TEXTBOOKS 207

TABLE 8.1

EXAMPLES OF SIGNAL WORDS

Hierarchy Sequence Matrix

kinds of first like

types of

classified as

composed of

parts of

groups of

properties of

characteristics of

perspectives

before

in the center

lower

outside

after

next

last

steps

similarly

equally

in contrast

on the other hand

alternatively

similar

in comparison

stages

phases

cycle

as a result

consequently

therefore

Adapted from Kiewra and Dubois (1998).

diagram) to construct. A representation should not be selected solely on

a signal word without the entire passage being read to confirm the rep-

resentation. Table 8.1 includes examples of different signal words. Signal

words for diagrams include parts, appearance, position, and movement.

CONTENT

EXERCISE 8.2: IDENTIFYING DIFFERENT

REPRESENTATIONS IN ACADEMIC

Directions: The following are brief statements that introduce discus-

sion of various topics. For each of the statements, identify which

representation would most likely depict the information to follow by

writing H for hierarchy, S for sequence, M for matrix, and D for dia-

gram in the space provided. The answers are provided on p. 216.

—1. There are a number of similarities and differences between

mitosis and meiosis.

—2. Once food has been chewed, it is swallowed and passed

down the esophagus to the stomach.

—3. Eating disorders are grouped into three categories: obesity,

bulimia, and anorexia nervosa.

—4. There are several perspectives on gender identification.

—5. The development before birth, called gestation, takes place

in three stages: germinal, embryonic, and fetal.

continued