thought and expression in a way that shows both the close intimacy and the mutual independence
of the two writers.^1021
Genuineness.^1022
The genuineness of Luke is above reasonable doubt. The character of the Gospel agrees
perfectly with what we might expect from the author as far as we know him from the Acts and the
Epistles. No other writer answers the description.
The external evidence is not so old and clear as that in favor of Matthew and Mark. Papias
makes no mention of Luke. Perhaps he thought it unnecessary, because Luke himself in the preface
gives an account of the origin and aim of his book. The allusions in Barnabas, Clement of Rome,
and Hermas are vague and uncertain. But other testimonies are sufficient for the purpose. Irenaeus
in Gaul says: "Luke, the companion of Paul, committed to writing the gospel preached by the latter."
The Muratori fragment which contains the Italian traditions of the canon, mentions the Gospel of
"Luke, the physician, whom Paul had associated with himself as one zealous for righteousness, to
be his companion, who had not seen the Lord in the flesh, but having carried his inquiries as far
back as possible, began his history with the birth of John." Justin Martyr makes several quotations(^1021) Take the following specimens of striking parallelism (quoted by Holtzmann, 322):
Luke
Paul
6:48:ἔθηκεν θεμέλιον ἐπὶ τὴν πέτραν
1 Cor. 3:10: ὠς σοφὸς ἀπχιτέκτων θεμέλιον ἔθηκα
8:15: καρποφοροῦσιν ὑπομονῇ.
Col. 1:10, 11: καρποφοροῦντες καὶ αὐξανόμενοι εἰς πᾶσαν ὑπομονήν.
9:56: οὐκ ἦλθε ψυχὰς ἀνθρώπων ἀπολέσαι, ἀλλὰ σῶσαι.
2 Cor. 10:8:; Ἔδωκεν εἰς οἰκοδομὴν καὶ οὐκ εἰς καθαίρεσιν. 13:10.
10:8:ἐσθίετε τὰ παρατιθέμενα ὑμῖν.
1 Cor. 10:27: πᾶν τὸ παρατιθέμενον ὑμῖν ἐσθίετε.
10:20: τὰ ὀνόματα ὑμῶν ἐγράφη ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς
Phil. 4:3: ὧν τὰ ὀνόματα ἐν Βίβλῳ ζωῆς.
10:21: ἀπέκρυψας ταῦτα ἀπὸ σοφῶν καὶ συνετῶν καὶ ἀπεκάλυψας αὐτα νηπίοις
1 Cor. 1:19: ἀπολῶ τὴν σοφίαν τῶνσοφῶν καὶ τὴν σύνεσιν τῶν συνετῶν ἀθετήσω. 27: τὰ μωρὰ τοῦ κόσμου ἐξελέξατο ὁ
θεὸς ἵνα καταισχύνῃ τοὺς σοφούς.
11:41: πάντα καθαρὰ ὑμῖν ἐστιν
Tit. 1:15:πάντα μὲν καθαρὰ τοῖς καθαροῖς.
11:49; ἀποστελῶ εἰς αὐτοὺς προφήτας καὶ ἀποστόλους καὶ ἐξ αὐτῶν ἀποκτενοῦσι καὶ εκδιώξουσιν
1 Thess. 2:15: τῶν καὶ τὸν κύριον ἀποκτεινάντων Ἰησοῦν καὶ τοὺς προφήτας καὶ ἡμᾶς ἐκδιωξάντων.
12:35:ἔστωσαν ὑμῶν αἰ ὀσφύες περιεζωσμέναι.
Eph. 6:14: στῆτε οὖν περιζωσάμενοι τῶν ὀσφῦν ὑμῶν ἐν ἀληθείᾳ.
18:1: δεῖν πάντοτε προσεύχεσθαι καὶ μὴ ἐκκακεῖν.
2 Thess. 1:11: εἰς ὅ και προσευξόμεθα πάντοτε. Col. 4:12: πάντοτε ἁγώνιζόμενος ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν ἐν ταῖς προσευξαῖς .. Comp.
1 Thess. 5:1, 7; Rom. 1:10.
20:16: μὴ γένοιτο.
Rom. 9:14; 11:11; Gal. 3:21.
20:38: πάντες γὰρ αὐτῷ ζῶσιν.
Rom. 14:7, 8: ἐάν τε γὰρ ζῶμεν, τῳ κυπίῳ ζῶμεν. Comp. 2 Cor. 5:15.
21:24: και ̀ Ἱερουσαλὴμ ἔσται πατουμένη ὑπὸ ἐθνῶν ἄχρι πληρωθῶσι καιροὶ ἐθνῶν.
Rom. 11:25: ὅτι πώρωσις τῷ Ἰσραὴλ γέγονεν ἄχρις οὗ τὸ πλήρωμα τῶν ἐθνω
(^1022) See the ancient testimonies in Charteris’s Kirchhofer, l.c., 154 sqq.
A.D. 1-100.