A. Ebrard: Wissenschaftliche Kritik der evangelischen Geschichte. Erl. 1842; 3d ed. 1868. Against
Strauss, Bruno Bauer, etc. Condensed English translation, Edinb. 1869.
J. P. Lange: Das Leben Jesu. Heidelb. 1844–’47, 3 parts in 5 vols. Engl. transl. by Marcus Dods
and others, in 6 vols., Edinb. 1864. Rich and suggestive.
J. J. van Oosterzee: Leven van Jesus. First publ. in 1846–’51, 3 vols. 2d ed. 1863–’65. Comp. his
Christologie, Rotterdam, 1855–’61, 3 vols., which describe the Son of God before his incarnation,
the Son of God in the flesh, and the Son of God in glory. The third part is translated into German
byF. Meyering: Das Bild Christi nach der Schrift, Hamburg, 1864.
Chr. Fr. Schmid: Biblische Theologie des N. Testaments. Ed. by Weizsäcker. Stuttgart, 1853 (3d
ed. 1854), 2 vols. The first volume contains the life and doctrine of Christ. The English translation
byG. H. Venables (Edinb. 1870) is an abridgment.
H. Ewald: Geschichte Christus’ und seiner Zeit. Gött. 1854; 3d ed 1867 (vol. v. of his Hist. of
Israel). Transl. into Engl. by O. Glover, Cambridge, 1865.
J. Young: The Christ of History. Lond. and N. York, 1855. 5th ed., 1868.
P. Lichtenstein: Lebensgeschichte Jesu in chronolog. Uebersicht. Erlangen, 1856.
C. J. Riggenbach: Vorlesungen über das Leben Jesu. Basel, 1858.
M. Baumgarten: Die Geschichte Jesu für das Verständniss der Gegenwart. Braunschweig, 1859.
W. F. Gess: Christi Person und Werk nach Christi Selbstzeugniss und den Zeugnissen der Apostel.
Basel, 1878, in several parts. (This supersedes his first work on the same subject, publ. 1856.)
Horace Bushnell (d. 1878): The Character of Jesus: forbidding his possible classification with men.
N. York, 1861. (A reprint of the tenth chapter of his work on, "Nature and the Supernatural,"
N. York, 1859.) It is the best and most useful product of his genius.
C. J. Elliott (Bishop): Historical Lectures on the Life of our Lord Jesus Christ, being the Hulsean
Lect. for 1859. 5th ed. Lond. 1869; republ. in Boston, 1862.
Samuel J. Andrews: The Life of our Lord upon the earth, considered in its historical, chronological,
and geographical relations. N. York, 1863; 4th ed. 1879
Ernest Renan: Vie de Jésus. Par. 1863, and often publ. since (13th ed. 1867) and in several
translations. Strauss popularized and Frenchified. The legendary theory. Eloquent, fascinating,
superficial, and contradictory.
Daniel Schenkel:Das Characterbild Jesu. Wiesbaden, 1864; 4th ed. revised 1873. English transl.
by W. H. Furness. Boston, 1867, 2 vols. By the same:Das Christusbild der Apostel und der
nachapostolischen Zeit. Leipz. 1879. See also his art., Jesus Christus, in Schenkel’s
"Bibel-Lexikon," III. 257 sqq. Semi-mythical theory. Comp. the sharp critique of Strauss on
the Characterbild: Die Halben und die Ganzen. Berlin, 1865.
Philip Schaff: The Person of Christ: the Perfection of his Humanity viewed as a Proof of his Divinity.
With a Collection of Impartial Testimonies. Boston and N. York, 1865; 12th ed., revised, New
York, 1882. The same work in German, Gotha, 1865; revised ed., N. York (Am. Tract Soc.),
1871; in Dutch by Cordes, with an introduction by J. J. van Oosterzee. Groningen, 1866; in
French by Prof. Sardinoux, Toulouse, 1866, and in other languages. By the same: Die
Christusfrage. N. York and Berlin, 1871.
Ecce Homo: A Survey of the Life and Work of Jesus Christ. [By Prof. J. R. Seeley, of Cambridge.]
Lond. 1864, and several editions and translations. It gave rise also to works on Ecce Deus, Ecce
Deus Homo, and a number of reviews and essays (one by Gladstone).A.D. 1-100.