Jesus himself was not only the son of a carpenter, but during his youth he worked at that
trade himself.^185 When he entered upon his public ministry the zeal for God’s house claimed all his
time and strength, and his modest wants were more than supplied by a few grateful disciples from
Galilee, so that something was left for the benefit of the poor.^186 St. Paul learned the trade of
tentmaking, which was congenial to his native Cilicia, and derived from it his support even as an
apostle, that he might relieve his congregations and maintain a noble independence.^187
Jesus availed himself of the usual places of public instruction in the synagogue and the
temple, but preached also out of doors, on the mountain, at the, sea-side, and wherever the people
assembled to hear him. "I have spoken openly to the world; I ever taught in synagogues and in the
temple, where all the Jews come together; and in secret spake I nothing.^188 Paul likewise taught in
the synagogue wherever he had an opportunity on his missionary journeys.^189 The familiar mode
of teaching was by disputation, by asking and answering questions on knotty points, of the law, by
parables and sententious sayings, which easily lodged in the memory; the Rabbi sat on a chair, the
pupils stood or sat on the floor at his feet.^190 Knowledge of the Law of God was general among the
Jews and considered the most important possession. They remembered the commandments better
than their own name.^191 Instruction began in early childhood in the family and was carried on in
the school and the synagogue. Timothy learned the sacred Scriptures on the knees of his mother
and grandmother.^192 Josephus boasts, at the expense of his superiors, that when only fourteen years
of age he had such an exact knowledge of the law that he was consulted by the high priest and the
first men of Jerusalem.^193 Schoolmasters were appointed in every town, and children were taught
to read in their sixth or seventh year, but writing was probably a rare accomplishment.^194
The synagogue was the local, the temple the national centre of religious and social life; the
former on the weekly Sabbath (and also on Monday and Thursday), the latter on the Passover and
the other annual festivals. Every town had a synagogue, large cities had many, especially Alexandria
and Jerusalem.^195 The worship was very simple: it consisted of prayers, singing, the reading of
sections from the Law and the Prophets in Hebrew, followed by a commentary and homily in the
vernacular Aramaic. There was a certain democratic liberty of prophesying, especially outside of
Jerusalem. Any Jew of age could read the Scripture lessons and make comments on invitation ofsharp bargains was inherited from their father Jacob, and turned the temple of God into "a house of merchandise." Christ charges
the Pharisees with avarice which led them to "devour widows’ houses." Comp. Matt. 23:14; Mark 12:40; Luke 16:14; 20:47.(^185) Mark 6:3 Jesus is called, by his neighbors, "the carpenter"ὁ τέκτων), Matt. 13:55 "the carpenter’s son."
(^186) Luke 8:3Matt. 27:55; Mark 15:41; John 13:29. Among the pious women who ministered to Jesus was also Joanna, the wife
of Chuzas, King Herod’s steward. To her may be traced the vivid circumstantial description of the dancing scene at Herod’s
feast and the execution of John the Baptist, Mark 6:14-29.
(^187) Acts 18:3; 20:33-35; 1 Thess. 2:9; 2 Thess. 3:8; 2 Cor. 11:7-9.
(^188) John 18:20. Comp. Matt. 4:23; 9:35; 21:23; 26:55; Mark 1:21, 39; 14:49; Luke 2:46; 4:14-16, 31, 44; 13:10; 21:37.
(^189) Acts 13:14-16; 16:13; 17:2, 3.
(^190) Luke 2:46; 5:17; Matt. 5:1; 26:55; John 8:2; Acts 22:3 ("at the feet of Gamaliel").
(^191) Josephus often speaks of this. C. Ap. I. 12: "More than all we are concerned for the education of our youth (παιδοτροφία),
and we consider the keeping of the laws (τὸ φυλάττειν τοὺς νόμους) and the corresponding piety (τὴν κατὰ τούτους
παραδεδομένην εὐσέβειαν) to be the most necessary work of life."Comp. II. 18; Ant. IV. 8, 12. To the same effect is the testimony
of Philo, Legat. ad Cajum. § 16. 31, quoted by Schürer, p. 467.
(^192) 2 Tim, 1:5; 3:15; comp. Eph. 6:4.
(^193) Vita, § 2.
(^194) Schürer, p. 468; and Ginsburg, art. Education, in Kitto’s "Cyc. of Bibl. Liter.," 3d ed.
(^195) Acts 6:9 for the freedmen and the Hellenists and proselytes from different countries. Rabbinical writers estimate the number
of synagogues in Jerusalem as high as 480 (i.e. 4 x 10 x 12), which seems incredible.
A.D. 1-100.