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WINTER
The sky
Winter boasts the brightest stars of any
season. Orion the Hunter dominates the
evening sky this time of year. Its seven most
prominent stars form a distinctive hourglass
pattern. The blue star marking Orion’s left
foot is Rigel, and the ruddy gem at his right
shoulder is Betelgeuse. The three stars of
the Hunter’s Belt point down to Sirius, the
brightest star in the night sky, and up to
Aldebaran, the eye of Taurus the Bull. To
Orion’s upper left lies the constellation Gemini.
Deep-sky highlights
The Pleiades (M45) is the brightest star
cluster in the sky. It looks like a small
dipper, but it is not the Little Dipper.
The Orion Nebula (M42), a region of active
star formation, is a showpiece through
telescopes of all sizes.
The Rosette Nebula (NGC 2237–9/46),
located 10° east of Betelgeuse, presents an
impressive cluster of stars and a nebula.
M 35 in Gemini the Twins is a beautiful open
cluster best viewed with a telescope.
Castor (Alpha [α] Geminorum) is easy to split
into two components with a small telescope,
but the system actually consists of six stars.
SPRING
The sky
The Big Dipper, the most conspicuous part
of the constellation Ursa Major the Great
Bear, now rides high in the sky. Poke a hole
in the bottom of the dipper’s bowl, and the
water would fall on the back of Leo the Lion.
The two stars at the end of the bowl, called
the Pointer Stars, lead you directly to Polaris,
the North Star: From the bowl’s top, simply go
five times the distance between the Pointers.
Spring is the best time of year to observe
a multitude of galaxies. Many of these far-
flung island universes, containing hundreds
of billions of stars, congregate in northern
Virgo and Coma Berenices.
Deep-sky highlights
The Beehive Cluster (M44) was used to
forecast weather in antiquity. It is a naked-
eye object under a clear, dark sky, but it
disappears under less optimal conditions.
M 5 , a conspicuous globular cluster, lies
between the figures of Virgo the Maiden
and Serpens Caput the Serpent’s Head.
The Whirlpool Galaxy (M51) is a vast
spiral about 30 million light-years away.
M 81 and M 82 in Ursa Major form a pair
of galaxies that you can spot through a
telescope at low power.
Jan. 3
Quadrantid
meteor
shower peaks
Jan. 7
Mercury is
at greatest
eastern
elongation
March 20
Venus is at
greatest
western
elongation
April 29
Mercury is
at greatest
eastern
elongation
April 30
Venus passes
0.2° south of
Jupiter
May 6
Eta Aquariid
meteor
shower peaks
May 15/16
Total lunar
eclipse
July 19
Pluto is at
opposition
Aug. 12
Perseid
meteor
shower peaks
Aug. 14
Saturn is at
opposition
Aug. 22
Asteroid
Vesta is at
opposition
STAR MAPS BY ASTRONOMY: ROEN KELLY