0805852212.pdf

exactly the same way as we saw earlier, but rather than repeating phrases, the
rule repeats sentences.
Consider sentence 20:

20. A goon shot the ATM, so Buggsy made an easy withdrawal.

Because each clause has the structure of a sentence, by convention our gram-
mar would begin with:

SÆS 1 CC S 2

What this means is simply that the sentence (S) consists of two clauses (S 1
and S 2 ). The grammatical analysis for 20 then would proceed like those
shown earlier:

S 1 ÆNP VP

S 2 ÆNP VP

NPÆ(det) (AdjP) N

VPÆV NP

AdjPÆadj

Teaching Tip

Tree diagrams can help students better understand the nature of compound

sentences. If we diagram sentence 20, for example, the tree clearly shows

how the sentence is composed of two equal Ss, or clauses. When students

understand the structure of compounds, they more readily understand how to

punctuate them correctly.

118 CHAPTER 4