Strangely enough, negation does not have this effect on progressive or per-
fect verb forms, as the following sentences illustrate:
- Buggsy is inviting Michael Star to his next party.
72a. Buggsy is not inviting Michael Star to his next party. - Buggsy had left the waiter a huge tip.
73a. Buggsy had not left the waiter a huge tip.
APPLYING KEY IDEASDirections: Analyze these sentences, identifying their constituents.
- The movie that Universal made on the USC campus disrupted classes.
- Raul played the part of a man who won the lottery.
- He liked the work, which thrilled his aunt.
- Raul did not want the part.
- Raul did not complain.
- The actress who played his wife had amazing red hair.
- The director whom Raul had met at a beach party gave him some acting les-
sons before filming. - Fritz, who knew Raul slightly, was jealous when he heard about the film.
- Fritz was not happy with his career in banking because it lacked glamour.
- He knew that Mrs. DiMarco had pawned the bracelet that he had given her for
the rent. - The bracelet, which had been a gift for Macarena, looked like an heirloom.
- Fritz thought that he could ask Buggsy for a loan that would buy back the
bracelet, but he was afraid of the goons, who always looked mean. - Meanwhile, Fred had decided that Macarena, whom he loved, was the
woman for him. - He did not have much money, but he went to Beverly Center for an engage-
ment ring. - He knew a jeweler there who would give him a good price.
- The ring that Fred wanted was very expensive, which did not surprise him.
- Reluctantly, he turned his attention to a smaller ring that had been marked
down. - The jeweler Fred knew was not working that day, which was a disappoint-
ment. - A young woman who had eyes as blue as the Pacific helped him at the counter.
- She told him that some girl was really lucky, which made Fred blush.
- Suddenly, he wondered whether he should ask Macarena about marriage be-
fore buying the ring.
PHRASE STRUCTURE GRAMMAR 153