0805852212.pdf

APPLYING KEY IDEAS

Directions: Analyze these sentences, identifying their constituents. Select five
and diagram them using the phrase-structure rules presented in this chapter.

1. Fred wanted to talk to Macarena about marriage.


2. For him to buy an engagement ring at this point would be foolish.


3. Fred decided to discuss the matter with his priest.


4. Her fondness for the two boys made Macarena tell them a lie.


5. Buggsy told his goons that he had a message for them to deliver.


6. Raul asked Maria to go with him to the dance.


7. Macarena was delighted to get the invitation to Buggsy’s next party.


8. To tell the truth, she was impressed with Buggsy’s money.


9. For her to turn down the invitation would have been unthinkable.
   10.She decided to tell Fred and Fritz that she wanted to visit her sick aunt.

SUMMARY OF PHRASE-STRUCTURE RULES

Before we go on to consider transformational-generative grammar in the next
chapter, let’s take a moment to review the final versions of the phrase-structure
rules we’ve developed:

1. XPÆXP CC XP


2. XPÆXP S


3. SÆNP VP


4. NPÆ(det) (AdjP) N (PP)


5. VPÆAux V (NP) (AdjP) (AdvP) (PP)


6. VÆ

V

Vprt+

ì

í

î

ü

ý

þ

7. prtÆparticle


8. AdvPÆ

adv

NP

ì

í

î

ü

ý

þ

9. detÆ

pro

NP poss

art

+

ì

í

ï

î

ï

ü

ý

ï

þ

ï

158 CHAPTER 4