- In all luxation injuries the prognosis for pulpal healing is better with an immature
apex. - Root resorption increases with the severity of damage to the p.l.
- The prognosis for replantation of avulsed teeth is best if it is undertaken within 1 h
of the injury, with a hydrated p.l. - Orofacial injuries are found in at least 50% of cases of physical abuse.
- Successful endodontics demands the co-operation of a comfortable child.
Effective local anaesthesia should be provided if there is any risk of pain during
treatment. - From indirect pulp capping to non-vital pulp therapy, control of microbial
infection is the key determinant of endodontic treatment success. A well-fitting rubber
dam should be in place wherever possible, and all stages of all endodontic procedures
should be conducted with due regard to the elimination of infection and the
prevention of its recurrence. - Root canal systems in young teeth are cleaned principally by antimicrobial and
tissue-solvent irrigants and medicaments, not by exuberant dentine removal. Dentine
removal, especially in fragile primary and young permanent teeth, should be rational
and restricted to that required for effective irrigation and successful obturation only.
12.10 FURTHER READING
Andreasen, J. O. and Andreasen, F. M. (1994). Textbook and color atlas of traumatic
injuries to the teeth (3rd edn). Munksgaard, Copenhagen. (An excellent reference book
with colour slides of each clinical procedure)
Andreasen, J. O., Borum, M. K., Jacobsen, H. L., and Andreasen F. M. (1995).
Replantation of 400 avulsed permanent incisors. Endodontics and Dental
Traumatology II, 51-89. (The largest published series on avulsed permanent incisors)
Cohen, S. and Burns, R. C. (2001). Pathways of the Pulp (8th edn). Mosby, St Louis.
(The definitive endodontic reference book)
European Society of Endodontology (1994). Consensus Report of the European
Society of Endodontology on quality guidelines for endodontic treatment.
778HInternational Endodontic Journal, 27 , 115-24. (A synopsis of current terminology and
good practice in endodontics)
Kinirons M. J. (1998). Treatment of traumatically intruded permanent incisor teeth.
International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry, 8, 165-8 (UK National Clinical
Guideline).
Welbury R. R. (1994). Child Physical Abuse (Non Accidental Injury) In Textbook
and color atlas of traumatic injuries to the teeth (ed. J. O. and F. M. Andreasen) (3rd
edn). Munksgaard, Copenhagen. (A reference of prevalence and orofacial signs in