- Both developmental enamel defects and developmental dentine defects may be
genetic or environmental in origin. - Both development enamel defects and developmental dentine defects may be seen
in isolation or in association with extraoral features. - The distribution of an environmentally induced enamel defect will depend upon the
stage of tooth development at the time of the insult. - Excessive fluoride ingestion can cause enamel defects.
- Dental professionals have an important part to play in the diagnosis and care of
children with these conditions. - Careful monitoring of dental development, together with interception when
appropriate, may reduce the impact of these conditions.
13.11 FURTHER READING
Aldred, M. J., Crawford, P. J. M., Savarirayan, R. (2003). Amelogenesis
imperfecta⎯a classification and catalogue for the 21st century. Oral Diseases, 9, 19-
23.
Aldred, M. J., Crawford, P. J. M. (1997). Molecular biology of hereditary enamel
defects. In Dental Enamel. pp. 200-209, Chichester: Wiley.
Aldred, M. J. (2003). Human Genetics. In Oxford Handbook of Applied Dental
Science (ed. C. Scully), pp. 389-406. Oxford Medical Publications, Oxford.
Brook, A. H., Winter, G. B. (1970). Double teeth. A retrospective study of 'geminated'
and 'fused' teeth in children. British Dental Journal, 4 , 129(3), 123-30.
Crawford, P. J. M., Aldred, M. J. (1989). Regional odontodysplasia: a bibliography.
886HJournal of Oral Pathology Medicine, 18 , 251-63.
Crawford, P. J. M., Aldred, M. J. (1992). X-linked amelogenesis imperfecta.
Presentation of two kindreds and a review of the literature. 887HOral surgery, Oral
Medicine, and Oral Patholgy 73 , 449-55.
Gorlin, R. J., Cohen, M. M., Cohen, R., and Hennekam, R. (2001). Syndromes of the
Head and Neck (Oxford Monographs on Medical Genetics). Oxford University Press,
Oxford.
Hall, R. K., Bankier, A., Aldred, M. J., Kan, K., Lucas, J. O., and Perks, A. G. B.
(1997). Solitary median maxillary central incisor, short stature, choanal
atresia/midnasal stenosis (SMMCI) syndrome: an analysis of the clinical features of
19 consecutive cases of the syndrome, a review of the literature and consideration of
its aetiology. Oral Surgery, 888HOral Medicine, and Oral Pathology 84 , 651-662.