teaching). However, the basic assumption of research on first and
second language acquisition is that learners use language productively and
creatively and do not simply imitate the utterances of others.
see also modelling, creative construction hypothesisimmediate recalln
the remembering of something shortly after studying it. The ability to
remember something some time after it has been studied is known as
delayed recall
immersion programmen
a form of bilingual education and used to describe programmes which serve
language majority studentsand which use a second or foreign language to
teach at least 50% of the curriculum during the elementary or secondary
grades. For example, there are schools in Canada for English-speaking
children, where French is the language of instruction. If these children
are taught in French for the whole day it is called a total immersion
programme, but if they are taught in French for only part of the day it is
called a partial immersion programme.
see also submersion programme
impactn
the effect of a test on individual test takers, other stakeholders(e.g.
teachers, parents, school administrators, or test developers), educational
systems, or society.
see also backwash, washback
impact evaluation n
the measurement of the effects of a course, training programme or cur-
riculum innovation, after the innovation has been implemented. Impact
evaluation seeks to assess the benefits of the programme to its stakeholders,
is a measure of accountability, is summative in nature, is carried out towards
the end of the lifetime of the project, and makes use of both qualitative and
quantitative data.
imperativen
see mood
imperative sentencen
a sentence which is in the form of a command. For example:
Pick up the book!
Imperative sentences do not, however, always have the function of an
order. For example:
immediate recall