traditional narrative literature reviews in that the latter combine results
from different studies qualitatively.
see also effect sizemetacognitive instruction n
teaching that seeks to help learners take a more active part in their own
learning by drawing attention to the cognitive processes learners employ in
learning tasks and actively monitoring and regulating these processes in
order to better facilitate learning. Metacognitive instruction seeks to train
learners directly to employ relevant strategies in carrying out learning tasks
as well as help them increase their metacognitive knowledge.
metacognitive knowledgen
also metacognitionn
(in cognition and learning) knowledge of the mental processes which are
involved in different kinds of learning. Learners are said to be capable of
becoming aware of their own mental processes. This includes recognizing
which kinds of learning tasks cause difficulty, which approaches to remem-
bering information work better than others, and how to solve different
kinds of problems. Metacognitive knowledge is thought to influence the
kinds of learning strategies learners choose.
see also learning strategy, metacognitive strategy
metacognitive strategyn
a category of learning strategywhich involves thinking about the men-
tal processes used in the learning process, monitoring learning while it is
taking place, and evaluating learning after it has occurred. For example,
metacognitive strategies a learner may use when he or she is beginning to
learn a new language include:
1 planning ways of remembering new words encountered in conversations
with native speakers
2 deciding which approaches to working out grammatical rules are more
effective
3 evaluating his or her own progress and making decisions about what to
concentrate on in the future.
meta-languagen
the language used to analyze or describe a language. For example, the
sentence: In English, the phoneme /b/ is a voiced bilabial stopis in meta-
language. It explains that the b-sound in English is made with vibration of
the vocal cords and with the two lips stopping the airstream from the lungs.
meta-language