learners, for example, provide a way of making sense of experience for the
individual and for others. For example:
A textbook is like oil in cooking – a useful basic ingredient. (textbook
metaphor)
A teacher is like the conductor of an orchestra – he or she has to
make sure that all the players in the class are in harmony. (teacher
metaphor)metathesisnmetathesizev
change in the order of two sounds in a word, e.g. /flim / for /film / film.
Metathesis sometimes occurs in the speech of language learners but it
may also occur with native speakers. When a metathesized form becomes
commonly and regularly used by most native speakers of a language,
it may lead to a change in the word. For example, Modern English bird
developed by metathesis from Old English brid“young bird”.
methodn
(in language teaching) a way of teaching a language which is based on
systematic principles and procedures, i.e. which is an application of views
on how a language is best taught and learned and a particular theory of
language and of language learning.
Different methods of language teaching such as the direct method, the
audiolingual method, total physical responseresult from different
views of:
athe nature of language
bthe nature of second language learning
c goals and objectives in teaching
dthe type of syllabusto use
e the role of teachers, learners, and instructional materials
f the activities, techniques and procedures to use.
see also approach
methodologyn
1 (in language teaching) the study of the practices and procedures used in
teaching, and the principles and beliefs that underlie them.
Methodology includes:
a study of the nature of language skills(e.g. reading, writing, speak-
ing, listening) and procedures for teaching them
b study of the preparation of lesson plans, materials, and textbooks
for teaching language skills
c the evaluation and comparison of language teaching method(e.g. the
audiolingual method).
methodology