R
r^2
an abbreviation for coefficient of determination
racialization n
A process by which people are defined according to differences of skin color
or other attributes and positioned as different from the majority.
raising n
a syntactic operation by which some word or phrase is moved from a lower
to a higher position in a structure. For example, in the sentence It seems that
David and Gloria are happily married, David and Gloriais the subject of an
embedded clause. However, such subjects can be raised to a higher position,
producing the sentence David and Gloria seem happily married.
random access n
see access
random error n
see error of measurement
random sample n
see sample
range n
1 (in statistics) the dispersionof a distribution. The range of a sample
is the distance between the smallest and the largest values in a set of
measurements or observations. For example, if the top score in a test is
80 and the bottom score is 32, the range is 48. Since the range does not
take the distribution of scores into account, it is usually supplemented in
statistical reports by the standard deviation.
2 (in a frequency count) a measure of the distribution of linguistic items
throughout a sample, which are generally expressed as a measure of the
number of texts or samples in which a linguistic item occurs.
rank n
a term used in a type of linguistic analysis in which linguistic units (e.g.
sentences, clauses, words) are arranged in a certain order (rank scale) to
show that higher units include lower ones.
For example, on the rank scale below, each unit consists of one or more
units of the next lower rank.