beliefs, values and understandings can have an influence on how the writer
structures the text and the features the writer includes in it. Good writing is
said to reflect the writer’s consideration of the audience.audio journal n
alsotape journal n
a technique for giving feedback on a student’s spoken language in which the
student receives personalized feedback on his or her performance based on
short student recordings, done individually at home or out of class. Audio
journals may be regarded as the spoken equivalent of a writing journal.
audiolingual method n
alsoaudiolingualism, aural–oral method, mim–mem method
a method of foreign or second language teaching which (a) emphasizes
the teaching of speaking and listening before reading and writing (b) uses
Dialogues and Drills (c) discourages use of the mother tongue in the
classroom (d) often makes use of contrastive analysis. The audiolingual
method was prominent in the 1950s and 1960s, especially in the United
States, and has been widely used in many other parts of the world.
The theory behind the audiolingual method is the aural–oral approachto
language teaching, which contains the following beliefs about language and
language learning: (a) speaking and listening are the most basic language
skills (b) each language has its own unique structure and rule system (c) a
language is learned through forming habits. These ideas were based partly
on the theory of structural linguistics and partly on behaviourism.
Criticism of the audiolingual method is based on criticism of its theory and its
techniques (see cognitive code approach, communicative approach).
see also approach, mim–mem method
audiology n
the study of hearing and hearing disorders, particularly the nature of
hearing loss and the treatment of people suffering from hearing disorders.
audio-script n
alsotape script
In language teaching course books and materials, a printed text containing
a transcript of spoken dialogues and other spoken texts occurring in the
course-book’s audio or video components.
audio-visual aid n
an audio or visual device used by a teacher to help learning. For example,
pictures, charts, and flashcards are visual aids; radio, records, and tape-
recorders are auditory aids. Film, television, and video are audio-visual aids.
audio journal