dynamically: I’m thinking hard about how to solve this problem.
(mental activity)
see also punctual-non-punctual distinctionstatistic n
a numerical value that summarizes the sample, such as sample mean (>),
sample variance (s^2 ) and sample standard deviation (s). Each statistic has
an equivalent numerical value that summarizes the populationfrom
which the sample was taken. The Roman alphabet letters are used to denote
statistics.
see also parameter
statistical hypothesis n
see hypothesis
statistical learning n
the detection of statistical regularities and patterns in the environment,
typically without direct awareness of what has been learned. This type of
implicit learninghas been demonstrated for many language-like learning
situations, including speech segmentation, detecting the orthographic
and phonotacticregularities of words, acquiring morphological systems,
and detecting long distance relationships between words.
statistical significance n
a term used when testing a statistical hypothesis, which refers to the
likelihood that an obtained effect, such as a difference or correlation, could
have occurred by chance alone (through sampling error). An observed
significance level, or p-value, symbolized as p(for probability), is the prob-
ability of obtaining an observed effect as extreme as or more extreme than
you observed if the null hypothesis were true. The p-value is compared
to a predetermined significance level, or alpha(a), specified in advance
before conducting a study. If the p-value is less than or equal to a, this
means that either the observed effect is an extremely rare occurrence or the
null hypothesis is wrong so that we reject the null hypothesis and the result
is said to be statistically significant. If the p-value is greater than a, we fail
to reject the null hypothesis and the result is said to be not statistically
significant. The most common significance levels are p<0.05 and p<0.01,
where the symbol <means “less than”. If the difference between two means,
for instance, is given as significant at the p<0.05 or at the 0.05 level, this
indicates that such a difference could be expected to occur by chance in only
5 out of every 100 times that a sample is randomly drawn from the popula-
tion when the null hypothesis is true. A significance level of 0.01 means that
statistic