Caretaker speech usually has:
a shorter utterances than speech to other adults
b grammatically simple utterances
c few abstract or difficult words, with a lot of repetition
d clearer pronunciation, sometimes with exaggerated intonation patterns
Caretaker speech is easier for children to understand, and many people
believe that it helps children to learn language.
see also foreigner talkcarreln
in a language laboratory or multimedia centre, an installation con-
taining individual recording decks and headphones, or a computer, video
and TV monitor for student use. Carrels may be arranged in rows or
other layouts. In a language laboratory, a carrel is also known as an audio
booth.
cascade modeln
an approach to teacher training and curriculum innovation in which one
group receives training in the innovation (e.g. a new teaching method) and
goes on to train other groups, who continue the process. In this way the
innovation is said to “cascade” downwards. This model of dissemination
allows new ideas and practices to reach large numbers of teachers relatively
quickly.
seemultiplier effect
case^1 n
(in some languages) a grammatical category that shows the function of the
noun or noun phrase in a sentence. The form of the noun or noun phrase
changes (by inflection) to show the different functions or cases. For
example, German has four cases, nominative, accusative, dative,
genitive. Endings on the article change to show the case (the function) of
the noun, e.g.:
Nominative case (table is the subject of the sentence)
Der Tisch ist gross.
The table is big.
Accusative case (table is the object of the sentence)
Karin kaufte den Tisch.
Karin bought the table.
Some languages, e.g. Russian, have more than four cases, others have
fewer, and some have none at all. In these languages the functions shown
by case marking may be shown by word order or by prepositions.
carrel