are often achieved through an exchange of three or more moves, they are
often preceded by pre-closings, such as anyway, I have to go now, or Look
at the timeand often involve standard formulaic expressions.
see also conversational openingsclosuren
(in teaching) that part of the lesson which brings it to an end. An effective
lesson closure is said to reinforce the key teaching points of the lesson and
help students transfer learning to the next lesson.
see also entry
clozentropyn
a method of scoring cloze tests, based on the acceptable word method.
A cloze test is first given to a group of native speakers, and their responses
are listed in frequency order. When the test is given to non-native test
takers, someone who responds with a high frequency word scores more
than someone who responds with a low frequency word.
see also cloze test
cloze passagen
see cloze test
cloze testn
a technique for measuring reading comprehension as well as overall language
proficiency. In a cloze test, words are deleted from a reading passage at
regular intervals, leaving blanks. There are two widely used ways to create
the blanks. The first is known as rational deletion, where words are deleted
on the basis of some rational decision (e.g. parts of speech), which results
in rational cloze. For example, prepositions may be deleted to assess test
takers’ knowledge of English prepositions. The second is known as fixed
ratio deletionor nthword deletion, where every nthword is deleted. For
example, every fifth word may be deleted. The test taker must then read the
passage and try to guess the missing words.
For example, a cloze passagelooks like this:
A passage used in ____ cloze test is a ____ of written material in
____ words have been regularly ____. The subjects must then
____ to reconstruct the passage ____ filling in the missing
____.
Here, the test taker has to guess a, passage, which, removed, try, by, words.
The cloze procedure can also be used to judge the difficulty of reading
materials (i.e. readability).
If the cloze procedure is being used for language testing, the test taker is
given a score according to how well the words guessed matched the original
cloze test