88 Books & arts The Economist November 20th 2021
TheGuggenheimAbuDhabi
Brave new worlds
T
he jagged towers andpalmfringed
walkwaysoftheproposedGuggenheim
Abu Dhabi (gad) take their inspiration
fromthewooden sailingdhowsthatply
the waters ofthe Gulf andthe funnel
shaped wind towers, known as barjeel,
builttobringnaturalventilationintoold
housesintheUnitedArabEmirates(uae).
DesignedbyFrankGehry,theprojecthas
beenbesetbyprotestsoverworkers’condi
tionsandotherhumanrightsissues,and
byfinanceinduceddelaysandcancelled
contracts.Now,tenyearsafterclearanceof
thesitebegan,workhasrestartedatlast.
The museum is part ofa longterm,
statefundedefforttodiversifyAbuDhabi’s
economy.Culture—andespeciallymuse
ums—arepartofthepush.TheGuggen
heimwillbethethirdtobebuiltonSaadi
yatIsland,a flatsandytrianglejustoffthe
coastthatwillbethebiggestculturalinfra
structureprojectbetweenMarrakechand
Shanghai. The first museum, Jean Nouvel’s
Louvre Abu Dhabi, opened in 2017; the
Sheikh Zayed National Museum, designed
by Sir Norman Foster and named after the
uae’sfounding ruler, will follow in 2023.
The hope is for gad to open in 2025.
“It’s like walking through a really great
Minecraft setting,” says a curator of the
computerised mockups of galleries that
gadhas developed. But though the build
ing is still imaginary, the collection—
about 600 artworks from 60 countries, of
which half have been acquired in the past
four years—is real. And the mission is
clear: to present a journey through global
artfromthe1960stothepresent, and in so
doing rewrite the story of modernism.
Modernism, and especially abstract ex
pressionism, was at the heart of Solomon
Guggenheim’s original collection. On his
death in 1949, the businessman left hun
dreds of works by American and European
artists, such as Vasily Kandinsky and Las
zlo MoholyNagy, to the museum in New
York that bears his name (and which will
earn $100m for advice on construction and
acquisitions for its latest offshoot). But
there were many modernisms, not just the
EuroAmerican kind. “Around the world,”
says Dana Chehayeb of Abu Dhabi’s depart
ment of culture, “artists were asking ‘How
can I be modern without being Western?’
And artists in the West often asked, ‘How
can I draw from nonWestern and premod
ern sources to make art more universal?’”
Inspired by the uae’s history and posi
tion as a pivot between Europe and Asia,
gadaims to chart modernism’s evolution
into a nuanced global movement. Alexan
dra Munroe, the curator of Asian art at the
Guggenheim in New York, is central to that
effort. She persuaded Guy Ullens, a Dutch
collector of Chinese contemporary art, to
give gadfirst choice from his art trove be
fore he consigned it for sale at Sotheby’s in
- The embryonic museum acquired
pieces by Ai Weiwei and Huang Yong Ping,
work by early Chinese video artists and
some political pop art which could never
be shown in China—such as “The Last Ban
quet” (1989), Zhang Hongtu’s panorama
about the deification of Mao Zedong. “It
was a real coup,” effuses Ms Munroe.
As well as art from China, gadis build
ing up a collection from Japan’s radical
Gutai movement, which in the 1950s reject
ed traditional styles in favour of large
multimedia works and the immediacy of
performance. Both approaches would later
become popular everywhere. Another fo
cus is Latin American modernism, such as
the geometric abstraction of Gego and
Jesús Rafael Soto, both Venezuelan, and
Carmen Herrera (originally from Cuba).
The NeoConcrete movement in Brazil,
meanwhile, brought together Lygia Clark,
Lygia Pape and Hélio Oiticica, stars of the
country’s art in the 1950s. Their folded or
curved sculptures were meant to make ab
stract expressionism more human.
Like many of the Asian and Latin Amer
ican artists who feature in the new collec
tion, several from Iran and the Arab world
studied in Europe in the mid20th century,
afterwards creating modernist hubs in
their home countries. Mohamed Melehi
and Mohamed Chabâa of the Casablanca
School, for instance, studied in Rome in
the early 1960s and, with their compatriot
Farid Belkahia, developed links to the Bau
haus school of design. Returning to Moroc
co, they strove to combine the modernist
influence of European artists, such as Paul
Klee and Nicolas de Staël, with an abstrac
tion indebted to the geometric patterns of
Berber carpets and the use of henna and
walnut to stain leatherwork.
Parviz Tanavoli, who also studied in Ita
ly, is the central figure of another modern
ist movement, known as Saqqakhanehor
Iranian Pop. Fascinated by locksmithing
and calligraphy, Mr Tanavoli is bestknown
for metal sculptures that use the three let
ters in the word heech, Farsi for “nothing”.
They are inspired by Alexander Calder and
Barbara Hepworth, but also by the symbol
ic metal locks often attached to Iranian
drinking fountains. Such work has gener
ally been exhibited in artistic silos, in
shows based on geography rather than
form and ideas. The aim at gadis to draw
out overlooked connections, such as be
tween Mr Tanavoli and his contemporary
On Kawara, a Japanese conceptual artist
who created an important series of paint
ings based on dates in the calendar.
Officials hope that Saadiyat Island will
be a big employer. Despite the ongoing hu
manrights concerns, it is already a tourist
draw—one reason why 11.35m people visit
ed Abu Dhabi in 2019, more than double the
number who came in 2016. The emphasis
on culture is meant to distinguish the
emirate from the shopping malls and glitz
of Dubai, an hour down the road. When at
last gadopens, it will offer an encounter
with a scintillating range of artists and
fresh ways of seeing theworld. Viewers
will emerge with a rebalancedsense of art’s
tumultuous recent history.n
Abu Dhabi’s latest museum aims to rewrite the story of modernism
Melehi’s “Pink Flame”
Chabâa’s “Diptyque”