Gestational Diabetes- Develops during pregnancy
- Detected at 24 to 28 weeks of gestation
- Risk for cesarean delivery, perinatal death, and neonatal complications
Hyperglycemia develops during pregnancy because of the secretion of placental
hormones, which causes insulin resistance. Gestational diabetes occurs in as many as 14% of pregnant women and increases
their risk for hypertensive disorders during pregnancy Women who are considered to be at high risk for GDM and who should be
screened by blood glucose testing at their first prenatal visit are those with marked
obesity, a personal history of GDM, glycosuria, or a strong family history of
diabetes.
Initial management includes dietary modification and blood glucose monitoring. If
hyperglycemia persists, insulin is prescribed. Many women who have had GDM develop type 2 diabetes later in life.
Secondary Diabetes- Results from another medical condition or due to the treatment of a medical
condition that causes abnormal blood glucose levels
- Cushing syndrome
- Hyperthyroidism
- Parenteral nutrition
Clinical Manifestations Diabetes Mellitus
- Polyuria
- Polydipsia (excessive thirst)
- Polyphagia
- In Type I
- Weight loss
- Ketoacidosis
Polyphagia (increased appetite) resulting from the catabolic state induced by
insulin deficiency and the breakdown of proteins and fats Other symptoms include fatigue and weakness, sudden vision changes, tingling or
numbness in hands or feet, dry skin, skin lesions or wounds that are slow to heal,
and recurrent infections.