Medical Surgical Nursing

• α2-Globulin


• β-Globulin


• γ-Globulin


• Albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio

Serum Aminotransferase or Transaminase Studies

• AST (SGOT)


• ALT (SGPT)


• GGT, GGTP


• LDH

0.43–.75 g/dL (4.3–7.5 g/L)

0.5–1.0 g/dL (5–10 g/L)

0.6–1.3 g/dL (6–13 g/L)

A > G or 1.5:1–2.5:

10 – 40 units (4.8–19 U/L)

5 – 35 units (2.4–17 U/L)

10 – 48 IU/L

100 – 200 units (100–225 U/L)

The studies are based on release of enzymes from damaged liver cells. These enzymes

are elevated in liver cell damage. Elevated in alcohol abuse. Marker for biliary

cholestasis.

Cholesterol

• Ester


• HDL (high-density lipoprotein)


• LDL (low-density lipoprotein)

60% of total (fraction of total

cholesterol: 0.60)

HDL Male: 35–70 mg/dL,

Female: 35–85 mg/dL

LDL < 130 μg/dL

Cholesterol levels are elevated in biliary obstruction and decreased in parenchymal
liver disease

 ADDITIONAL STUDIES

 Barium study of esophagus

 Abdominal x-ray

 Liver scan with radiotagged

iodinated rose bengal, gold,

technetium, or gallium

CLINICAL FUNCTIONS

 For varices, which indicate

increased portal blood pressure

 To determine gross liver size

 To show size and shape of liver; to

show replacement of liver tissue

with scars, cysts, or tumor.

 To determine anatomic changes in

liver tissue