- Enables patient to make self-management decisions regarding diet, exercise, and
medication
Diabetes Mellitus Monitoring Blood Glucose
- Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG)
- Important for detecting episodic hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia
- Patient training is crucial
For most patients who require insulin, SMBG is recommended two to four times
daily (usually before meals and at bedtime).Drug Therapy: Insulin
- Exogenous insulin:
- Required for type 1 diabetes
- Prescribed for the patient with type 2 diabetes who cannot control blood glucose by
other means
- Types of insulin
- Human insulin
- Most widely used type of insulin
- Cost-effective
̄ Likelihood of allergic reaction
Human insulin preparations have a shorter duration of action than insulin from
animal sources because the presence of animal proteins triggers an immune
response that results in the binding of animal insulin, which slows its availability.- Types of insulin
- Insulins differ in regard to onset, peak action, and duration
- Different types of insulin may be used in combination therapy
- Rapid-acting: Lispro (onset 15‘, peak 60-90‘ and last from 2-4 hours)
- Short-acting: Regular (Onset is 30-60‘, peak in 2-3h and last for 4-6 hours, and
Regular insulin is only kind for IV use.