Medical Surgical Nursing

(Tina Sui) #1

  • Monitoring of blood glucose and urine ketones



  1. Recognition, treatment, and prevention of acute complications



  • Hypoglycemia

  • Hyperglycemia



  1. Pragmatic information



  • Where to buy and store insulin, syringes, and glucose monitoring supplies

  • When and how to contact the physician


Diabetes Mellitus Patient education



  • Planning In-Depth and Continuing Education

  • Foot care

  • Eye care

  • General hygiene (eg, skin care, oral hygiene)

  • Risk factor management (eg, control of blood pressure and blood lipid levels,
    normalizing blood glucose levels)


Diabetes Mellitus Misconceptions Related to Insulin Treatment



  1. Once insulin injections are started (for treatment of type 2 diabetes), they can never


be discontinued



  1. If increasing doses of insulin are needed to control the blood glucose, the diabetes


must be getting ―worse‖



  1. Insulin causes blindness (or other diabetic complications)

  2. Insulin must be injected directly into the vein

  3. There is extreme danger in injecting insulin if there are any air bubbles in the syringe

  4. Insulin always causes people to have bad (hypoglycemic) reactions


Diabetes Mellitus Acute Complications



  • Hypoglycemia

  • Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKK)

  • Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNS)

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