Medical Surgical Nursing

(Tina Sui) #1

Foot and Leg Problems Contributing factors



  • Neuropathy

  • Peripheral vascular disease

  • Immunocompromise

  • Injuries could be:

  • Chemical

  • Thermal

  • Traumatic


Neuropathy—Sensory neuropathy leads to loss of pain and pressure sensation, and


autonomic neuropathy leads to increased dryness and fissuring of the skin. Motor


neuropathy results in muscular atrophy, which may lead to changes in the shape of the


foot.


Peripheral vascular disease—Poor circulation of the lower extremities contributes to
poor wound healing and the development of gangrene.


Immunocompromise—Hyperglycemia impairs the ability of specialized leukocytes to


destroy bacteria. Therefore, in poorly controlled diabetes, there is a lowered resistance


to certain infections.

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