Medical Surgical Nursing

(Tina Sui) #1

  1. Decreased risk of injury,

  2. Decreased risk of infection,

  3. Increased ability to carry out self-care activities,

  4. Improved skin integrity,

  5. Improved body image,

  6. Improved mental function, and

  7. Absence of complications


Interventions



  • Decrease risk of injury; establish a protective environment; assist as needed;


encourage diet high in protein, calcium, and vitamin D.



  • Decrease risk of infection; avoid exposure to infections, assess patient carefully as


corticosteroids mask signs of infection.



  • Plan and space rest and activity.

  • Meticulous skin care and frequent, careful skin assessment.

  • Explanation to the patient and family about causes of emotional instability.

  • Patient teaching.


Diabetes Insipidus



  • A disorder of the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland that is characterized by a


deficiency of ADH (vasopressin). Excessive thirst (polydipsia) and large volumes of
dilute urine.



  • It may occur secondary to head trauma, brain tumor, or surgical ablation or irradiation


of the pituitary gland, infections of the central nervous system or with tumors



  • Another cause of diabetes insipidus is failure of the renal tubules to respond to ADH


Medical Management



  • The objectives of therapy are.



  1. to replace ADH (which is usually a long-term therapeutic program),

  2. to ensure adequate fluid replacement, and

  3. to identify and correct the underlying intracranial pathology.

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