- Elderly
- ARF mostly occur within hospital settings
Causes of ARF
- Prerenal Failure
- Intrarenal Failure
- Postrenal Failure
Prerenal Failure
- Volume depletion resulting from:
- Hemorrhage
- Renal losses (diuretics, osmotic diuresis)
- Gastrointestinal losses (vomiting, diarrhea, nasogastric suction)
- Impaired cardiac efficiency resulting from:
- Myocardial infarction
- Heart failure
- Dysrhythmias
- Cardiogenic shock