- Urinary tract infection which may lead to urolithiasis or nephrolithiasis
Suprapubic Catheters
- Is a temporary measure to divert the flow of urine from the urethra when the urethral
route is impassable
- Inserting a catheter into the bladder through a suprapubic incision or puncture.
Hydronephrosis, Hydroureter, and Urethral Stricture
- Outflow obstruction
- Urethral stricture
- Causes bladder distention and progresses to the ureters and the kidneys
- Hydronephrosis –
- Kidney enlarges as urine collects in the pelvis and kidney tissue due to obstruction in
the outflow tract - Over a few hours this enlargement can damage the blood vessels and the tubules
- Hydroureter
- Effects are similar, but occurs lower in the ureter
Causes of Obstruction
- Tumor