Gerontological Considerations
- Important to distinguish normal aging changes from abnormal changes
- Determine previous mental status for comparison. Assess mental status carefully to
distinguish delirium from dementia.
- Normal changes may include:
- Losses in strength and agility; changes in gait, posture and balance; slowed reaction
times and decreased reflexes; visual and hearing alterations; deceased sense of taste and
smell; dulling of tactile sensations; changes in the perception of pain; and decreased
thermoregulatory ability
Pupil Size
- Normal range: 2 - 6 mm
- Drugs: pinpoint pupils
- Increased intracranial pressure: pupils begin to dilate
- Dilated and fixed, poor prognosis
Glascow Coma Scale
- Score BEST response in each category
- Highest score = 15 (normal)
- Lowest score = 3 (deep coma)