Medical Surgical Nursing

(Tina Sui) #1

  • Monitor daily weight, serum electrolytes, urine volume, specific gravity, and


osmolality



  • Prevent complications associated with immobility

  • Infection control precautions

  • Supportive care

  • Measures to facilitate coping of patient and family


Brain Abscess


— Collection of infectious material within brain tissue


— Risk is increased in immunocompromised patient


— Prevent by treating otitis media, mastoiditis, sinusitis, dental infections, and


systemic infections promptly


— Manifestations may include headache that is usually worse in the morning, fever,


vomiting, neurologic deficits, signs and symptoms of increased ICP


— Diagnosis by MRI or CT


— CT-guided aspiration is used to identify the causative organisms



  • Medical management

    • Control ICP – Drain abscess

    • Administer appropriate antibiotic therapy. Corticosteroids may be used to treat
      cerebral edema



  • Nursing management

    • Frequent and ongoing neurologic assessment and of responses to treatment

    • Assure patient safety and protect from injury

    • Provide supportive care




Encephalitis



  • Acute, inflammatory process of the brain tissue

  • Causes include viral infections (herpes simplex [HSV]), vector-borne viral infections
    (West Nile, St. Louis), and fungal infections

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