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tions of Qi). Shanghai: Zhonghua Shuju.Chivalry
The age of chivalry flourished between A.D. 1100 and the opening of the
sixteenth century. It was a time when the mounted nobility of Western Eu-
rope lived out their lives in obedience to the code of chivalry, which
charged each knight with the defense of the Church, his sovereign king, and
the weak and the poor. He was to be just and brave and highly skilled in
warfare. As a soldier of God, he must be sinless, pious, and charitable. In
time a knight’s duties would include the safeguarding of women, which
brought an aura of romance to chivalry. By the time of the early crusades,
knighthood and chivalry were inseparably bonded.
Chivalry sprang up almost simultaneously throughout Western Eu-
rope without an inspirational founder. It spread as a contagious dedication
of the armed nobility to the Christian faith, to audacity on the field of bat-
tle, and to gallantry in the presence of noble ladies. The source of this phe-
nomenon, with all of its pageantry and heroism, must be traced to evolv-
ing events of an earlier time.
When the western part of the Roman Empire collapsed in A.D. 476,
German tribes that had menaced the empire’s northern borders for cen-
turies moved south to settle among the more numerous Romanized inhab-
itants. In those chaotic times, the new invaders were often quartered on
both state lands and the holdings of private landowners. Of the several
Germanic tribes that tramped across the tumbled bastions of Rome’s old
provinces, the Salian Franks were most closely related to the later develop-
ment of medieval chivalry and knighthood.72 Chivalry