A History of Western Philosophy

Catholics, 617 -618, 690 ; emphasize the Church, 346

Cato, Marcus Porcius (the Elder), Roman general

and patriot ( 234-149 B.C.), 236 -238, 278 , 314 , 357

causal laws in physics, 669

causality, causation, 66 , 658 , 673 -674, 717 ; and Hume, 663 , 664 -671,
702 , 704 , 707 ; and Kant, 715

cause-and-effect, 708

cause(s): and belief, 817 , 826 ; and Aristotle, 169 , 182 ; and Francis
Bacon, 543 ; and Newton, 539 ; and Plato, 145. See also final cause;
First Cause; prime causes

cave, Plato's, 57 , 105 , 124 , 125 -126, 130

Cebes, Greek philosopher (fl. 5th cent. B.C.), 138 , 140

Cecil, Sir William ( Lord Burghley), English statesman ( 1520-1 598 ),
541

Cecrops, 265

celibacy, 134 , 348 , 459 ; of clergy, 112 , 410 , 413 , 415

Celsus, Roman Platonist philosopher and antiChristian writer (fl. 2nd
cent.), 327 -328 censorship, 835

Cephalus, 117

Chalcedon, 116 ; Council of, 333 , 369 , 374

Chaldeans, 227 , 252

Chalons, 367 , 369

Chamber of Deputies ( France), 639

chance, 55 , 58 , 63 , 66 , 254

change(s), 46 , 47 , 61 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 68 ; and Bergson, 804 -806; denied
by Eleatics, 805 ; and Heraclitus, 43 , 45 , 48 , 805 ; mathematical
conception of, 804 , 805 , 806 ; and Parmenides, 48 , 51 , 52 , 105 ; and
Plato, 105 , 143 , 158 -159. See also flux

Chanut, French ambassador at Stockholm (contemporary of Descartes),
560

Charlemagne ( Charles the Great), King of the Franks and Emperor in the
West ( 742 -814), 282 , 375 , 382 , 389 , 392 -394, 421 , 429 , 441 , 720 ,
738 ; and culture, 307 , 393 , 395. See also Carolingian renaissance

Charles V, King of Spain and Emperor ( 15001558), 496 , 500 , 505 , 555
, 720