Essex ( Robert Devereux), 2 nd Earl of, ( 1567-1601), 541
Este, Italian princely family (fl. 996-1803), 582
Esthonia, 634
eternity, 37 , 46 , 144 -145, 292 , 758 , 820
ethic(s), 79 , 116 , 117 -118, 306 , 378 -380, 729 , 778 779, 834 ; and
Aquinas, 458 -460; aristocratic, 768 ; and Aristotle, 132 , 172 184, 205 ;
and Bentham, 777 ; Christian, 92 , 205 , 297 ; contemplative ideal in, 34 ;
and differences between Continental and British philosophy, 644 647;
and Epicurus, 245 ; and good of community, 711 ; Greek, 33 -34, 42 , 63 ,
72 , 92 , 297 ; and Hegel, 735 , 736 , 743 , 827 ; in Hellenistic world, 228
; and Helvétius, 722 ; and James, 814 -815; Jewish, 319 , 320 , 321 ;
and Kant, 268 , 710 -712; and Locke, 613 -617, 627 ; and Marx, 788 ; and
More, 521 ; and Nietzsche, 42 , 760 , 762 763, 764 , 769 , 770 ; "noble,"
644 -645; and Plato, 106 , 132 , 358 ; in Roman world, 476 ; romantic,
682 ; and Rousseau, 687 ; and Schopenhauer, 756 -757, 760 ; and
Socrates, 73 , 91 , 106 ; and Spinoza, 569 , 570 -577, 578 ; and Stoicism,
252 , 258 , 266 -269; and utilitarians, 704 , 779
Ethics ( Aristotle). See Nicomachean Ethics
Ethics ( Spinoza), 569 -580, 582
Ethiopians, 40
Ethiopic language, 318
Etna, 53 , 362
Eton, 221 â€
Euclid, Greek geometer (fl. ca. 300 B.C.), 147 , 211 212, 223 , 234 , 439 ,
464 , 547 , 572 , 615 , 714 , 716 ; influence of, 36 -37; and theory of
proportion, 210 , 211 , See also Elements
Eudoxus, Greek astronomer and mathematician ( 408?-355? B.C.), 210 ,
211
Eugene, Prince of Savoy, Austrian general ( 16631736), 583
Eugenius; usurper in Roman Empire (fl. ca. 394), 338
Eugenius IV, Pope (reigned 1431-1447), 484 , 498
eunuchs, 327
Euphrates, 4 , 271
Euripides, Greek dramatist (fl. 5th cent. B.C.), 15 , 19 , 20 , 58 -59, 62 ,
80 , 87 , 185 , 546 ; quoted, 17
Europe, 223 , 402 , 618 , 620 , 622 , 782 , 789. See also Western Europe