modern technique, 828
modern world or outlook, 525 , 536
Moderns, 513
Mohammedan(s), 221 , 303 , 321 , 749 ; Africa and Spain become, 275 ;
and algebra, 283 ; and Aristotle, 426 , 427 , 428 , 453 ; and chemistry, 43
, 427 ; and Christian philosophy, 427 , 428 ; and Church, 282 ; conquests
of, 223 , 333 , 369 , 390 , 399 , 419 -420; and culture, 419 423; and
Emperor Frederick II, 444 ; and Greek culture, 275 , 423 , 424 ; and
Hellenistic civilization, 271 , 282 -283; and Italy, 399 ; and Jews, 323 ,
420 , 428 ; and philosophy, 423 -428; and Sicily, 443 , 445. See also
Arabs; Islam
Mollusc, the. See Nausiphanes
Mommsen, Theodor, German classical scholar and historian ( 18171903),
721
monadology, monads, 583 -584, 588 , 596 , 643 , 701
Monadology ( Leibniz), 583
monasteries, 375 , 376 , 394 , 402 , 411
monasticism, 329 , 335 , 375 378, 387 , 398 -399, 411 , 515
Monboddo ( James Burnett), Lord ( 1714-1799), Scottish judge and
anthropologist, 624
Monde, Le ( Descartes), 559
money, 137 , 138 , 187
Mongols, 367 , 422 , 423
Monica, St. mother of St. Augustine, 347 , 350 , 352
monism, 57 , 65 , 68 , 114 , 577 , 595 , 813 , 833
Monist, The, 791 *
Monophysite heresy, 369 , 374 , 377 , 420
monopoly, 789
monotheism, 316 , 420
Mont Cenis, 415
Montaigne, Michel Eyquem de, French philosopher and essayist
( 15331592), 516
Montaigu, French ambassador to Venice, employer of Rousseau, 686
Monte Cassino, 377 , 378 , 380 , 397 , 452