A History of Western Philosophy

scholasticism, 542 , 544 , 582 ; and Arabs, 283 , 427 ; and Aristotle, 164 ,

187 , 196 , 213 , 418 ; and Church, 306 , 785 ; and Descartes, 557 , 567 ,

568 , 664 ; and Erasmus, 512 , 513 , 515 ; and free will, 213 ; and God,

585 ; growth of, 407 , 418 , 428 , 429 , 430 , 435 -441; and Hildebrand,

306 , 307 ; and labour theory of value, 635 -636; and Locke, 604 , 609 ,

623 ; and logic, 196 , 493 ; at Oxford, 484 , 547 ; and Platonism, 418 ; and

Plotinus, 296 ; and "realism," 404 ; and Renaissance, 301 , 493 , 500. See

also Schoolmen

School and Society, The ( Dewey), 819 -820

Schoolmen, 323 , 388 -497, 509 , 786 ; Franciscan, 463 497. See also

scholasticism

Schopenhauer, Arthur, German philosopher ( 1788-1860), 673 , 719 , 724 ,

753 -759, 760 ; quoted, 756 , 757

science, 22 , 34 , 42 , 58 , 116 , 118 , 527 , 664 , 678 , 826 , 834 ; in

Alexandria, 61 , 223 ; and Aristotle, 67 , 73 , 159 , 202 , 203 , 205 , 478 ;

and St. Augustine, 349 ; and Babylonia, 5 -6; and Francis Bacon, 541 , 542

, 544 ; and Roger Bacon, 463 , 465 , 466 ; and Bergson, 798 , 803 ; and

causation, 664 ; and civilization, 16 , 399 -400; and Descartes, 560 , 561 ,

568 ; and Dewey, 816 , 827 ; and economics, 138 , 724 ; and empiricism,

92 -93, 546 , 703 , 828 , 834 ; and Epicurus, 247 ; and ethics, 181 , 780 ;

and flux, 45 , 46 47; and geometry, 36 , 39 ; and Greeks, 3 , 11 , 12 , 22 ,

23 , 32 , 38 , 39 , 218 , 220 , 297 ; and Hume, 664 , 671 ; and hypotheses,

28 -29, 131 ; and induction, 674 ; and instruments, 535 -536; and James,

811 ; and Kant, 705 , 706 , 721 ; and knowledge, 67 , 834 ; and liberalism,

598 , 790 ; and Machiavelli, 504 , 510 ; and Marx, 782 , 783 , 789 , 790 ;

and mind and matter, 134 ; modern, 65 , 66 , 491 , 492 ; in 19th cent., 719

, 725 ; and Occam, 473 , 475 ; and optimism, 759 ; and philosophy, 492

493, 722 , 787 , 788 , 834 ; and Plato, 60 , 1155, 126 ; and pre-Socratics,

24 , 26 29, 41 , 53 -55, 57 , 61 , 63 -66, 73 ; and purpose, 67 , 73 ; and

Pythagoreanism, 32 , 33 , 53 ; and quantum physics, 151 *; and

Renaissance, 67 , 495 , 516 ; and Rousseau, 687 ; and scepticism, 234 ,

239 ; and scholasticism, 435 ; of 17th cent., 492 , 516 , 525 540, 719 , 725

; and Socrates, 86 , 91 , 137 , 142 , 143 ; and Spinoza, 570 , 578 ; and

Stoics, 258 , 259 , 269 ; and technique, 195 , 494 , 727 ; and truth, 599 ,

671 , 836. See also empiricism

"Science and Religion" (Burner), 22

"Scientific Instruments" ( A. Wolf), 535 *

Scipio, Roman patrician family, 342

Scipio ("the Elder"), Publius Cornelius (Africanus Maior), Roman general

(234?-183 B.C.), 357

Scipio ("the Younger"), Publius Cornelius (Aemilianus Africanus Minor),
Roman general ( 1857-129 B.C.), 258 , 276

Scofists, 513