Abnormal Psychology

(やまだぃちぅ) #1

T


he musical group the Beatles formed in 1957 and soared
to international acclaim in 1963. The band’s celebrity was
so great that the four members—John Lennon, Paul
McCartney, George Harrison, and Ringo Starr—found that
they were essentially prisoners in their hotel rooms when on
tour. Frenzied fans would try to steal into the rooms, go-
ing so far as to lower themselves down from the hotel roof!
At Beatles’ concerts, fans screamed so loudly that the band
members could not hear themselves sing and play over the
din. Sick of it all, the Beatles stopped touring in 1966 and
just recorded music in the studio. Many of their songs broke
all of the conventions of rock-and-roll music, and the Be-
atles developed the fi rst themed rock album with Sgt. Pepper’s
Lonely Hearts Club Band. The album practically reeked of
drug use and the band members then became famous both
for their music and for their lifestyles—setting a model for a
generation that experimented with mind-altering drugs. By
1968, however, tensions among the four band members had
become severe, and they reached the breaking point in 1970,
when the group officially dissolved. Beneath the musical
history of the Beatles is a story of substance use, abuse, and
dependence that illustrates the focus of this chapter.

Substance Use, Abuse,


and Dependence


The Beatles used some drugs because that was what their peers did.
For instance, almost all boys—and some girls—their age growing up
in Liverpool, England smoked cigarettes. It was simply what was
done. Similarly, the young band members drank alcohol; again, doing
so was the norm. Sometimes they used a drug specifi cally for the
effect it brought, such as when they took “uppers” (stimulants) to
stay awake when performing late at night. When they toured in the
early 1960s, they took drugs to relieve the monotony of life on
the road; they would swallow a pill, “just to see what would happen”
(Norman, 1997, p. 244). A few years later, they took “acid” (LSD)
to help them understand the meaning of life and attain enlightenment
and peace.

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Substance Use Disorders


CHAPTER 9 Substance Use Disorders


Chapter Outline


Substance Use, Abuse, and Dependence
Substance Use Versus Intoxication
Substance Abuse and Dependence
Culture and Context
Stimulants
What Are Stimulants?
Understanding Stimulants
Depressants
What Are Depressants?
Understanding Depressants

Other Abused Substances


What Are Other Abused Substances?


Understanding Other Abused Substances


Feedback Loops in Action:

Understanding Eating Disorders


Treating Substance Use Disorders


Goals of Treatment


Targeting Neurological Factors
Targeting Psychological Factors
Targeting Social Factors
Feedback Loops in Treatment:
Substance Use Disorders

Richard Tuschman/Stock Illustration Source
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