Childhood Disorders 679
maintaining adequate weight and nutrition
or by bizarre eating habits. The elimination
disorders are enuresis and encopresis, which
are characterized, respectively, by accidental
or intentional failure to urinate and failure to
defecate appropriately in a toilet. Tic disor-
ders are characterized by persistent motor or
vocal tics. Tourette’s disorder involves recur-
rent motoric and vocal tics.
Thinking like a clinician
Nia is 12 years old and going through puberty.
Lately she’s been coming home right after
school and staying home during the weekend,
no longer hanging out with her friends. In fact,
she’s unhappy when her mother (her parents
are divorced) leaves her alone to go shop-
ping or to go out in the evening; sometimes
she tearfully begs her mother not to leave,
but won’t—or can’t—explain why she feels
so upset. Based on what you have learned,
how do you think Nia—and her mother—
should proceed? Should they wait and hope
the symptoms pass or try to find out more?
Explain your answer in detail.Key Terms
Mental retardation (p. 626)
Teratogens (p. 628)
Stereotyped behaviors (p. 629)
Inclusion (p. 631)
Pervasive developmental
disorders (p. 632)
Autistic disorder (p. 633)
Asperger’s disorder (p. 635)
Theory of mind (p. 639)
Applied behavior analysis (p. 640)
Childhood disintegrative disorder (p. 641)
Rett’s disorder (p. 641)
Learning disorder (p. 643)
Dyslexia (p. 643)Conduct disorder (p. 649)
Oppositional defi ant disorder (p. 653)
Attention-defi cit/hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD) (p. 655)
Contingency management (p. 667)
Separation anxiety disorder (p. 671)
Communication disorders (p. 674)
Feeding and eating disorders (p. 675)
Elimination disorders (p. 675)
Encopresis (p. 675)
Enuresis (p. 675)
Tic disorders (p. 676)
Tourette’s disorder (p. 676)More Study Aids
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chapter, go to:
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