Medical-surgical Nursing Demystified

(^86) Medical-Surgical Nursing Demystified

Learning Objectives

Key Terms

Acid base balance

Alveoli

Bifurcates

Bronchi

Cilia

Crackles

Cyanosis

Dyspnea

Expiration

Fibrosis

Hypoxemia

Inspiration

Interstitium

Mesothelioma

Nasopharynx

Pulmonary edema

Rhonchi

Tachypnea

Acute Respiratory Distress

Syndrome (ARDS)

Asbestosis

Asthma

Atelectasis

Bronchiectasis

Bronchitis

Cor pulmonale

Emphysema

Lung cancer

Pleural effusion

Pneumonia

Pneumothorax

Respiratory acidosis

Tuberculosis (TB)

Acute respiratory failure

Pulmonary embolism

Influenza

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How the Respiratory System Works

The respiratory system has the following basic functions:

• Movement of air in and out of the lungs


• Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide


• Helping maintain acid-base balance
  Ventilation moves air in (inspiration) and out (expiration) of the lungs. Dur-
  ing inspiration, air flows in through the nose and passes into the nasopharynx.