Medical-surgical Nursing Demystified

(Sean Pound) #1

CHAPTER 3 Immune System^147



  • nevirapine

  • delavirdine

  • efavirenz

  • Administer antiemetic to combat nausea:

  • prochlorperazine

  • Administer antifungal medication to combat fungal infections, which are often
    opportunistic:

  • fluconazole


NURSING DIAGNOSES



  • Hopelessness

  • Social isolation

  • Ineffective protection


NURSING INTERVENTION



  • Maintain activity as tolerated and schedule rest periods to maintain physical
    functioning.

  • Avoid exposure to blood to prevent the spread of the virus.

  • Explain to the patient:

    • Use of condoms to prevent the spread of the virus.




Anaphylaxis


WHAT WENT WRONG?


An allergen, usually food or medication, enters the body causing the release of his-
tamines, which result in capillaries dilating and smooth muscle contracting. This
results in edema, respiratory distress, hypotension, and skin changes, leading to an
allergic reaction. Lesser degrees of extreme allergy are urticaria (hives) and angio-
edema (swelling caused by exudation).


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