CHAPTER 7 Gastrointestinal System^303
- Endoscopy or esophagogastroduodenoscopy shows irritation from cellular
changes of chronic reflux is also used to monitor patients with Barrett’s
esophagus. - Esophageal manometry to measure lower esophageal sphincter tone.
TREATMENT
- Administer antacids to neutralize acid; these medications act quickly:
- Maalox, Mylanta, Tums, Gaviscon
- Administer H2 (histamine type 2) blockers to decrease the production of acid:
- ranitidine, famotidine, nizatidine, cimetidine
- Administer proton pump inhibitors to reduce the production of acid:
- omeprazole, esomeprazole, pantoprazole, rabeprazole, lansoprazole
- Have patient eat six small meals rather than three large ones to reduce intra-
abdominal pressure. - Surgery or endoscopic procedures may be performed to prevent the reflux
from occurring.
NURSING DIAGNOSES
- Risk for imbalanced nutrition: less than what body requires
- Risk for imbalanced nutrition: more than what body requires
- Acute pain
- Chronic pain
NURSING INTERVENTION
- Monitor vital signs.
- Assess abdomen for distention, bowel sounds.
- Teach about medication management.
- Teach patient about lifestyle modifications:
- Not to lie down after eating.
- Elevate head of bed.