CHAPTER 8 Endocrine System^347
hypothalamus or pituitary, inflammation of the brain, some medications such as
selectiveserotonin receptor inhibitors (SSRIs), carbamazapine, cyclophosphamides,
and chlorpropamide.Certain cancers, especially lung, may produce ADH.
PROGNOSIS
If sodium (Na) levels are kept within normal limits, prognosis is excellent.
HALLMARK SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
- Headaches due to hyponatremia
- Nausea and vomiting due to hyponatremia
- Confusion due to hyponatremia
- Personality changes due to hyponatremia
INTERPRETING TEST RESULTS
- Hyponatremia (low serum sodium) due to the dilution.
TREATMENT
- Administer saline IV to replenish sodium.
- Treat underlying cause.
NURSING DIAGNOSES
- Risk for imbalanced fluid volume
- Excess fluid volume
NURSING INTERVENTION
- Monitor electrolytes to determine sodium levels.
- Restrict fluid because excess fluid dilutes sodium levels.