CHAPTER 8 Endocrine System^357
HALLMARK SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
- Asymptomatic
- Increased serum calcium level
- Bone pain or fracture as a result of excreting calcium from bone
- Kidney stones
- Frequent urination as a result of increased calcium in the urine (hypercalciuria)
INTERPRETING TEST RESULTS
- Increased serum calcium.
- Increased serum PTH.
- Decreased serum phosphate.
- Increased urine calcium.
- Presence of parathyroid tumor shows on ultrasound.
- Fine needle biopsy of the parathyroid tumor.
TREATMENT
- Surgical removal of the parathyroid tumor.
- Administer bisphosphonates to lower serum calcium by increasing calcium
absorption in the bone. - IV normal saline to dilute serum calcium.
- Diuretic such as furosemide to excrete excess calcium in the urine.
NURSING DIAGNOSES
- Impaired urinary elimination
- Activity intolerance
- Fatigue related to sleep deprivation
NURSING INTERVENTION
- Monitor intake and output.
- Monitor for fluid overload.
- Monitor electrolyte balance.