Medical-surgical Nursing Demystified

(Sean Pound) #1

CHAPTER 8 Endocrine System^363


NURSING INTERVENTION



  • Educate the patient about:

    • The disease and the importance of maintaining normal glucose levels.

    • Demonstrate blood glucose monitoring.

    • Diet and food choices, including portion sizes.

    • Encourage exercise.

    • Discuss coping skills to reduce stress.

    • Teach self-injection of insulin (Type I).

    • Urge smoking cessation.

    • Self-care.

    • Acute management.

    • Prevention of complications, such as hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia.

    • Teach importance of daily medications.

    • Explain hypoglycemia signs and symptoms and interventions.

    • Sweating, lethargy, confusion, hunger, dizziness, weakness (Type I).

    • Teach the management of hypoglycemia: glucose tablets, or 4 ounces of
      fruit juice, several hard candies, or a small amount of a carbohydrate.

    • Explain the signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia: fatigue, headache, blurry
      vision, dry itchy skin.

    • Teach the management of hyperglycemia: a change in medication or
      dosage, increase in regular exercise, more careful food intake and meal
      planning, an increase in the number of fingersticks, discussion with the
      MD/NP/PA.

    • Teach glucagon injection for hypoglycemic events.




Metabolic Syndrome


(Syndrome X/Dysmetabolic Syndrome)


WHAT WENT WRONG?


Patients have a collection of symptoms that include high blood glucose, obesity,
high blood pressure, and high triglycerides based on family history. Beta cells in


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