(^378) Medical-Surgical Nursing Demystified
HALLMARK SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
- Fatigue—due to chronic process
- Hematuria—blood in urine, may be microscopic
- Change in urinary pattern—color, frequency, or amount of urine
INTERPRETING TEST RESULTS
- Urinalysis shows red blood cells in urine.
- Cystoscopy to identify tumor site and obtain biopsy.
- Bladder biopsy shows cancer cell type.
- CT scan shows metastasis or invasion of tumor.
TREATMENT
- Surgical removal of tumor:
- May be removal of superficial tumor from bladder wall with transurethral
approach; removal of part or all of the bladder. - If all of the bladder is removed, a stoma is created on the surface of the
abdomen or an ileal reservoir is created internally to collect the urine.
- May be removal of superficial tumor from bladder wall with transurethral
- Instillation of BCG (bacilli Calmette-Guérin) into bladder to decrease chance
of recurrence. - Radiation therapy.
- Chemotherapy.
NURSING DIAGNOSIS
- Risk of impaired urinary elimination
- Disturbed body image
- Fear
- Powerlessness
NURSING INTERVENTIONS
- Monitor vital signs.
- Monitor intake and output:
- Document amount and color of drainage from all drains.