CHAPTER 11 Fluids and Electrolytes^441
TREATMENT
- Monitor arterial blood gases and electrolyte levels.
- Administer fluids and electrolytes as necessary.
- Administer supplemental oxygen if necessary.
- Administer electrolyte replacement as indicated.
NURSING DIAGNOSES
- Risk for injury
- Disturbed thought process
NURSING INTERVENTION
- Monitor vital signs for changes.
- Monitor cardiovascular status for changes in heart rate, rhythm.
- Monitor intake and output.
- Assess intravenous site for signs of infiltration.
- Check neurological status for changes.
Hypophosphatemia
WHAT WENT WRONG?
Hypophosphatemia is a lower-than-normal amount of phosphorus in the blood.
Chronic alcohol use, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma medications
(loop diuretics, corticosteroids, adrenergic agonists, xanthine derivatives) are asso-
ciated with low phosphate levels. Vitamin D is important in the intestinal absorp-
tion of phosphate. Parathyroid hormone stimulates the release of phosphate from
the bone tissue. An overproduction can lead to hypophosphatemia.
PROGNOSIS
Correction or management of the underlying cause is necessary to help restore the
electrolyte balance. Proper treatment cannot be given without identification of
the underlying cause.
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