Medical-surgical Nursing Demystified

(Sean Pound) #1

CHAPTER 12 Mental Health^463



  • Risk for loneliness

  • Altered sexuality patterns


NURSING INTERVENTION



  • Monitor patient frequently when first admitted.

  • Ask about suicidal ideation.

  • Monitor medication intake.

  • Discuss patient response to therapy.


Schizophrenia


WHAT WENT WRONG?


The exact cause of schizophrenia is not known. There is a familial tendency to the
disease, and genes have been identified that are associated with the disease.
Dysfunction of the neurotransmitter dopamine seems to be partially responsible
for the development of the symptoms of psychosis associated with schizophrenia.
NMDA receptors may also be involved in the disease.


PROGNOSIS


Patients with schizophrenia typically need long-term medication to control symp-
toms. Medication compliance can be difficult for some patients, whether due to
accessibility of medications, side effects, symptoms of disease, or desire not to take
daily medication. Symptom recurrence is likely.


HALLMARK SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS



  • Impairment in reality testing

  • Flat affect

  • Disorganized speech

  • Disorganized thought process

  • Unusual behavior


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