Medical-surgical Nursing Demystified

(Sean Pound) #1

CHAPTER 15 Pain Management^539



  • hydromorphone

  • levorphanol

  • meperidine

  • methadone

  • morphine

  • oxycodone

  • Antispasmotics.

  • Muscle relaxers.

  • Neuropathic pain relievers:

  • tricyclic antidepressants:

  • amitriptyline

  • desipramine

  • nontricyclic antidepressants:

  • bupropion

  • anticonvulsants:

  • carbamazapine

  • clonazepam

  • gabapentin

  • pregabalin

  • Anxiolytics.

  • Steroids.

  • Heat/cold.

  • Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulator (TENS) unit.

  • Epidural injection.


NURSING DIAGNOSES



  • Acute pain

  • Powerlessness


NURSING INTERVENTIONS



  • Cold or hot packs.

  • Massage.

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