CHAPTER 15 Pain Management^539
- hydromorphone
- levorphanol
- meperidine
- methadone
- morphine
- oxycodone
- Antispasmotics.
- Muscle relaxers.
- Neuropathic pain relievers:
- tricyclic antidepressants:
- amitriptyline
- desipramine
- nontricyclic antidepressants:
- bupropion
- anticonvulsants:
- carbamazapine
- clonazepam
- gabapentin
- pregabalin
- Anxiolytics.
- Steroids.
- Heat/cold.
- Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulator (TENS) unit.
- Epidural injection.
NURSING DIAGNOSES
- Acute pain
- Powerlessness
NURSING INTERVENTIONS
- Cold or hot packs.
- Massage.