The use of chaos theory has enabled scientists and mathematicians to reveal the
structure in aperiodic, unpredictable dynamic systems. For example, it has been used
to examine crystal growth, the expansion of pollution plumes in water and in the air,
and even to determine the formation of storm clouds. One of the reasons chaos theory
has come to the forefront of science and mathematics is because of advancements in
computers; high-end computers allow for a plethora of variables to enter into the
complex chaos equations.
Who invented catastrophe theory?
Catastrophe theory—or the study of gradually changing forces that lead to so-called
catastrophes (or abrupt changes)—was popularized by French mathematician René
Thom (1923–2002) in 1972. Unable to use differential calculus in certain situations,
Thom used other mathematical treatments of continuous action to produce a discon-
tinuous result. Although it is not as popular as it once was, it is often used in biologi-
cal and optical applications.
Who is Benoit Mandelbrot?
Benoit B. Mandelbrot (1924–) is the Polish-born, French mathematician who invented
a branch of mathematics called fractal geometry, which is designed to find order in 35
HISTORY OF MATHEMATICS
Chaos theory recognizes the unpredictability of life, including the world’s highly complex weather system, which
can be influenced by a myriad of factors ranging from changes in temperature and humidity to alterations in
geology and agricultural development. Taxi/Getty Images.