The Handy Math Answer Book

Change (money), 409

Chaos theory, 34–35, 35 (ill.)

Charlemagne, 46

Chaucer, Geoffrey, 93

Checkbook, 411–12

Chemical engineering,

341–42

Chemical reactions, 342

Chemistry

angstrom, 284

atomic number/mass,

284

Avogadro’s number, 285

calories, 287

definition of, 283

density, 284

element, 284

formulas/equations in,

284–85

ion, 284

pH scale, 285–86

radioactive decay, 286

Universal Gas Law, 286

Chi-square test, 261

Chinese, 21

Chinese “comb” method,

189, 190 (ill.)

Cholesterol numbers, 407–9

Chord, 184

Chrysler Building, 337

Chuck-a-luck, 255

Circle, 183–84, 184 (ill.)

area, 189–90, 480

circumference, 189, 480

trigonometric functions

using, 202, 202 (ill.)

Circular cylinder, 481

Circumference, 40, 184, 184

(ill.), 189, 480

Clark University’s Depart-

ment of Mathematics and

Computer Science(Web

site), 461

Clarke, Arthur C., 455

Claudius Ptolemaeus, 16, 17

(ill.)

Clinical trials, 394

Clock, 57–58, 58 (ill.), 59

Clock arithmetic, 82, 82

(ill.), 83

Closed parentheses, 95

Closed sets, 124

Closure, 142

Cluster sampling, 257

Codes, 366

Coefficient, 138–39

Coin tossing, 254–55

Collinear points, 195

Colmar, Charles Xavier

Thomas de, 355

Columns, 237–38

Combination, 128, 253–54

Combinatorics, 127–28

Common difference, 216

Common logarithms, 145

Common ratio, 216

Commutative property, 142

Complement, 125–26

Complementary angles, 175,

176 (ill.)

Completed infinity, 129

Completing the square,

153–54

Complex analysis, 241

Complex numbers, 76–78,

78 (ill.)

Component, 236–37

Composite numbers, 83

Composites, 188

Compound events, 247–48

Compound interest, 389

Computability theory, 33

Computational biology,

316–17

Computational ecology, 321

Computational sociology,

380

Computer science, 366

Computers. See alsoCount-

ing and calculating devices

algorithms, 367–68

and applied mathematics,

244–45, 245 (ill.)

and arithmetic, 68–69, 69

(ill.)

Babbage, Charles,

354–56, 356 (ill.)

codes and programs, 366

computer science, 366

cryptography, 366, 368

definition of, 360

development of modern,

362, 363 (ill.)

early problems solved by,

360

factoring large composite

numbers, 366

fastest, 369

first mechanical binary,

362

main parts and types of,

364–65, 365 (ill.)

mathematical proofs,

367, 367 (ill.)

microcomputer, 364

microprocessor, 363–64

minicomputer, 364

number system used by,

360–61, 361 (table)

pi, 368

search engines, 369

statistics, 368–69

Turing, Alan, 33, 361–62

Turing machine, 361–62

weather prediction,

313–14

World Wide Web (WWW),

369

Concave polygons, 180

Concave polyhedron, 185

Concentric circles, 184

Concept of bound, 221

Conclusion, 104, 119

Conditional, 108

Conditional equations,

141–42

Conditional probability, 250

Cone, 186, 480

Congruence, 82

Congruent angles, 174

Congruent arcs, 184

Congruent circles, 184

Conic section, 198, 198 (ill.)

Conics, 198

Conjunction, 108

Consistency, 115–16

Constructivism, 114

Consumer money. See also

Business and economics

amortization, 414–15

Annual Percentage Rate

(APR), 412, 413 487

INDEX

Handy Math BM 8/19/07 5:18 PM Page 487