The Handy Math Answer Book

repeatables, 253–54

sample space, 246, 249

set theory, 251

simple probability events,

246–47

stochastic, 248–49, 249

(ill.)

subjective, 247

Product, 93

Product rules for derivatives,

225

Programs, 366

Projective geometry, 165,

205

Proof, 117–18

Proof theory, 33, 113

Proofs, 178

Proper fractions, 98–99

Proper subset, 126

Proportion, 246, 338,

400–401, 401 (ill.)

Proposition, 107

Propositional calculus, 109

Psychology, 393, 393 (ill.)

Ptolemy, 21

Ptolemy III (king), 63

Punched cards, 353

Puzzles

cryptarithmetic, 422, 423

(ill.)

definition of, 421, 422

(ill.)

dissection, 422–24

15 Puzzle, 424, 425 (ill.)

logic, 424, 426, 427

Rubik’s Cube, 426, 426

(ill.)

St. Ives problem, 426–28

stomachion, 423, 424

(ill.)

Tangram, 422–23

tiling, 422

types of, 421

Web sites, 461–62

Puzzles.com(Web site), 462

Pyramids (geometric), 186,

480

Pyramids (Egyptian), 14

(ill.), 334–35

Pythagoras of Samos, 11,

17–18, 166, 379–80,

383–84

Pythagorean identities, 203,

204

Pythagorean Society, 383–84

Pythagorean square puzzle,

424, 425 (ill.)

Pythagorean Theorem, 17,

18 (ill.), 117

area of a polygon, 188–89

Babylonians, 11

right triangles, 183

Tangram, 422

Q

Quadrants, 193, 194 (ill.)

Quadratic equations, 151,

154–56

Quadratic function, 197 (ill.)

Quadrilaterals, 183

Quadrivium, 18

Qualitative variables, 258

Quanta, 281

Quantifier, 111

Quantitative variables, 258

Quantum mechanics, 33–34,

282

Quantum theory, 281–82,

282 (ill.)

Quartic equations, 25, 151

Quaternary system, 6

Quevedo, Leonardo Torres,

359

Quinary system, 6

Quintic equations, 151

Quota sampling, 258

Quotient, 95

Quotient rules for deriva-

tives, 225–26

R

Radians, 173, 200–201

Radioactive dating, 286

Radioactive decay, 286

Radius, 184, 184 (ill.)

Rahn, Johann Heinrich,

95–96

Rainfall, 403–4

Rand, Ayn, 104

Rand, Sperry, 363

Random, 248–49, 249 (ill.)

Random sampling, 257

Random walk, 254

Range, 128, 260

Range of a sequence, 213

Rashid, Harun al-, 21

Ratio, 246, 338, 400–401,

401 (ill.)

Ratio identities, 203

Rational domain, 160

Rational numbers, 74–75

Rauscher, Frances, 378

Ray, 172

Real estate transaction, 414

Real numbers, 74–75

Rechnitzer, Alexander, 359

Recipe, 400–1, 401 (ill.)

Reciprocal identities, 203,

204

Reciprocals, 10, 101

Recorde, Robert, 92, 93

Rectangle, 183, 479

Reductio ad absurdum, 118

Redundancy, 116

Reflection, 192

Regular numbers, 75

Regular polygons, 179

Relation, 196

Relative error, 49

Relative frequency, 249

Relative humidity, 305

Relativity, 280

Reliability, 343

Religion and mysticism

ancient times, 383

beast number (666), 386

Jainism, 384–85

numbers and the solar

system, 387

numbers with special sig-

nificance, 385–87

numerology, 385

Pythagorean Society,

383–84

sangaku, 384

unlucky and lucky num-

bers, 385

Renaissance, 23, 335

Repeatables, 253–54 501

INDEX

Handy Math BM 8/19/07 5:18 PM Page 501